Smartwatch Data Analysis using Python

There is a lot of competition among the brands in the smartwatch industry. Smartwatches are preferred by people who like to take care of their fitness. Analyzing the data collected on your fitness is one of the use cases of Data Science in healthcare. So if you want to learn how to analyze smartwatch fitness data, this article is for you. In this article, I will take you through the task of Smartwatch Data Analysis using Python.

Smartwatch Data Analysis using Python

The dataset I am using for Smartwatch data analysis is publicly available on Kaggle. This dataset was initially collected from 30 female users of the Fitbit smartwatch. You can download the dataset from here.

Now I will start the task of Smartwatch Data Analysis by importing the necessary Python libraries and the dataset:

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import plotly.express as px
import plotly.graph_objects as go

data = pd.read_csv("dailyActivity_merged.csv")
print(data.head())
           Id ActivityDate  TotalSteps  TotalDistance  TrackerDistance  \
0  1503960366    4/12/2016       13162           8.50             8.50   
1  1503960366    4/13/2016       10735           6.97             6.97   
2  1503960366    4/14/2016       10460           6.74             6.74   
3  1503960366    4/15/2016        9762           6.28             6.28   
4  1503960366    4/16/2016       12669           8.16             8.16   

   LoggedActivitiesDistance  VeryActiveDistance  ModeratelyActiveDistance  \
0                       0.0                1.88                      0.55   
1                       0.0                1.57                      0.69   
2                       0.0                2.44                      0.40   
3                       0.0                2.14                      1.26   
4                       0.0                2.71                      0.41   

   LightActiveDistance  SedentaryActiveDistance  VeryActiveMinutes  \
0                 6.06                      0.0                 25   
1                 4.71                      0.0                 21   
2                 3.91                      0.0                 30   
3                 2.83                      0.0                 29   
4                 5.04                      0.0                 36   

   FairlyActiveMinutes  LightlyActiveMinutes  SedentaryMinutes  Calories  
0                   13                   328               728      1985  
1                   19                   217               776      1797  
2                   11                   181              1218      1776  
3                   34                   209               726      1745  
4                   10                   221               773      1863  

Before moving forward, let’s have a look at whether this dataset has any null values or not:

print(data.isnull().sum())
Id                          0
ActivityDate                0
TotalSteps                  0
TotalDistance               0
TrackerDistance             0
LoggedActivitiesDistance    0
VeryActiveDistance          0
ModeratelyActiveDistance    0
LightActiveDistance         0
SedentaryActiveDistance     0
VeryActiveMinutes           0
FairlyActiveMinutes         0
LightlyActiveMinutes        0
SedentaryMinutes            0
Calories                    0
dtype: int64

So the dataset does not have any null values. Let’s have a look at the information about columns in the dataset:

print(data.info())
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 940 entries, 0 to 939
Data columns (total 15 columns):
 #   Column                    Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------                    --------------  -----  
 0   Id                        940 non-null    int64  
 1   ActivityDate              940 non-null    object 
 2   TotalSteps                940 non-null    int64  
 3   TotalDistance             940 non-null    float64
 4   TrackerDistance           940 non-null    float64
 5   LoggedActivitiesDistance  940 non-null    float64
 6   VeryActiveDistance        940 non-null    float64
 7   ModeratelyActiveDistance  940 non-null    float64
 8   LightActiveDistance       940 non-null    float64
 9   SedentaryActiveDistance   940 non-null    float64
 10  VeryActiveMinutes         940 non-null    int64  
 11  FairlyActiveMinutes       940 non-null    int64  
 12  LightlyActiveMinutes      940 non-null    int64  
 13  SedentaryMinutes          940 non-null    int64  
 14  Calories                  940 non-null    int64  
dtypes: float64(7), int64(7), object(1)
memory usage: 110.3+ KB
None

The column containing the date of the record is an object. We may need to use dates in our analysis, so let’s convert this column into a datetime column:

# Changing datatype of ActivityDate
data["ActivityDate"] = pd.to_datetime(data["ActivityDate"], 
                                      format="%m/%d/%Y")
print(data.info())

Look at all the columns; you will see information about very active, fairly active, lightly active, and sedentary minutes in the dataset. Let’s combine all these columns as total minutes before moving forward:

data["TotalMinutes"] = data["VeryActiveMinutes"] + data["FairlyActiveMinutes"] + data["LightlyActiveMinutes"] + data["SedentaryMinutes"]
print(data["TotalMinutes"].sample(5))
742    1440
858    1440
683    1054
272    1440
268    1440
Name: TotalMinutes, dtype: int64

Now let’s have a look at the descriptive statistics of the dataset:

print(data.describe())
                 Id    TotalSteps  TotalDistance  TrackerDistance  \
count  9.400000e+02    940.000000     940.000000       940.000000   
mean   4.855407e+09   7637.910638       5.489702         5.475351   
std    2.424805e+09   5087.150742       3.924606         3.907276   
min    1.503960e+09      0.000000       0.000000         0.000000   
25%    2.320127e+09   3789.750000       2.620000         2.620000   
50%    4.445115e+09   7405.500000       5.245000         5.245000   
75%    6.962181e+09  10727.000000       7.712500         7.710000   
max    8.877689e+09  36019.000000      28.030001        28.030001   

       LoggedActivitiesDistance  VeryActiveDistance  ModeratelyActiveDistance  \
count                940.000000          940.000000                940.000000   
mean                   0.108171            1.502681                  0.567543   
std                    0.619897            2.658941                  0.883580   
min                    0.000000            0.000000                  0.000000   
25%                    0.000000            0.000000                  0.000000   
50%                    0.000000            0.210000                  0.240000   
75%                    0.000000            2.052500                  0.800000   
max                    4.942142           21.920000                  6.480000   

       LightActiveDistance  SedentaryActiveDistance  VeryActiveMinutes  \
count           940.000000               940.000000         940.000000   
mean              3.340819                 0.001606          21.164894   
std               2.040655                 0.007346          32.844803   
min               0.000000                 0.000000           0.000000   
25%               1.945000                 0.000000           0.000000   
50%               3.365000                 0.000000           4.000000   
75%               4.782500                 0.000000          32.000000   
max              10.710000                 0.110000         210.000000   

       FairlyActiveMinutes  LightlyActiveMinutes  SedentaryMinutes  \
count           940.000000            940.000000        940.000000   
mean             13.564894            192.812766        991.210638   
std              19.987404            109.174700        301.267437   
min               0.000000              0.000000          0.000000   
25%               0.000000            127.000000        729.750000   
50%               6.000000            199.000000       1057.500000   
75%              19.000000            264.000000       1229.500000   
max             143.000000            518.000000       1440.000000   

          Calories  TotalMinutes  
count   940.000000    940.000000  
mean   2303.609574   1218.753191  
std     718.166862    265.931767  
min       0.000000      2.000000  
25%    1828.500000    989.750000  
50%    2134.000000   1440.000000  
75%    2793.250000   1440.000000  
max    4900.000000   1440.000000  

Let’s Analyze the Smartwatch Data⌚️

The dataset has a “Calories” column; it contains the data about the number of calories burned in a day. Let’s have a look at the relationship between calories burned and the total steps walked in a day:

figure = px.scatter(data_frame = data, x="Calories",
                    y="TotalSteps", size="VeryActiveMinutes", 
                    trendline="ols", 
                    title="Relationship between Calories & Total Steps")
figure.show()
Smartwatch data analysis: Relationship between Calories & Total Steps

You can see that there is a linear relationship between the total number of steps and the number of calories burned in a day. Now let’s look at the average total number of active minutes in a day:

label = ["Very Active Minutes", "Fairly Active Minutes", 
         "Lightly Active Minutes", "Inactive Minutes"]
counts = data[["VeryActiveMinutes", "FairlyActiveMinutes", 
               "LightlyActiveMinutes", "SedentaryMinutes"]].mean()
colors = ['gold','lightgreen', "pink", "blue"]

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Pie(labels=label, values=counts)])
fig.update_layout(title_text='Total Active Minutes')
fig.update_traces(hoverinfo='label+percent', textinfo='value', textfont_size=30,
                  marker=dict(colors=colors, line=dict(color='black', width=3)))
fig.show()
Total Active Minutes
Observations:
  1. 81.3% of Total inactive minutes in a day
  2. 15.8% of Lightly active minutes in a day
  3. On an average, only 21 minutes (1.74%) were very active
  4. and 1.11% (13 minutes) of fairly active minutes in a day

We transformed the data type of the ActivityDate column to the datetime column above. Let’s use it to find the weekdays of the records and add a new column to this dataset as “Day”:

data["Day"] = data["ActivityDate"].dt.day_name()
print(data["Day"].head())
0      Tuesday
1    Wednesday
2     Thursday
3       Friday
4     Saturday
Name: Day, dtype: object

Now let’s have a look at the very active, fairly active, and lightly active minutes on each day of the week:

fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(
    x=data["Day"],
    y=data["VeryActiveMinutes"],
    name='Very Active',
    marker_color='purple'
))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(
    x=data["Day"],
    y=data["FairlyActiveMinutes"],
    name='Fairly Active',
    marker_color='green'
))
fig.add_trace(go.Bar(
    x=data["Day"],
    y=data["LightlyActiveMinutes"],
    name='Lightly Active',
    marker_color='pink'
))
fig.update_layout(barmode='group', xaxis_tickangle=-45)
fig.show()
Smartwatch data analysis: activity

Now let’s have a look at the number of inactive minutes on each day of the week:

day = data["Day"].value_counts()
label = day.index
counts = data["SedentaryMinutes"]
colors = ['gold','lightgreen', "pink", "blue", "skyblue", "cyan", "orange"]

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Pie(labels=label, values=counts)])
fig.update_layout(title_text='Inactive Minutes Daily')
fig.update_traces(hoverinfo='label+percent', textinfo='value', textfont_size=30,
                  marker=dict(colors=colors, line=dict(color='black', width=3)))
fig.show()
Inactive Minutes Daily

So Thursday is the most inactive day according to the lifestyle of all the individuals in the dataset. Now let’s have a look at the number of calories burned on each day of the week:

calories = data["Day"].value_counts()
label = calories.index
counts = data["Calories"]
colors = ['gold','lightgreen', "pink", "blue", "skyblue", "cyan", "orange"]

fig = go.Figure(data=[go.Pie(labels=label, values=counts)])
fig.update_layout(title_text='Calories Burned Daily')
fig.update_traces(hoverinfo='label+percent', textinfo='value', textfont_size=30,
                  marker=dict(colors=colors, line=dict(color='black', width=3)))
fig.show()
Smartwatch data analysis: Calories Burned Daily

Tuesday is, therefore, one of the most active days for all individuals in the dataset, as the highest number of calories were burned on Tuesdays.

So this is how you can analyze smartwatch data using the Python programming language. There is a lot more you can do with this dataset. You can also use it for predicting the number of calories burned in a day.

Summary

So this is how you can analyze the data collected by a smartwatch about fitness using Python. Smartwatches are preferred by people who like to take care of their fitness. Analyzing the data collected on your fitness is one of the use cases of Data Science in healthcare. I hope you liked this article on Smartwatch data analysis using Python. Feel free to ask valuable questions in the comments section below.

Aman Kharwal
Aman Kharwal

I'm a writer and data scientist on a mission to educate others about the incredible power of data📈.

Articles: 1498

2 Comments

  1. Hi Aman,
    I tried last two codes with plotly express but its showing ValueError.

    “ValueError: All arguments should have the same length. The length of argument `values` is 940, whereas the length of previously-processed arguments [‘names’] is 7”

    Below is my code for 2nd last pie chart:

    label = df[‘Days’].value_counts().index
    counts = df[‘SedentaryMinutes’]
    figs = px.pie(df, values= counts, names= label, title= ‘Number of Inactive Minutes in each day of week’)
    figs.show()

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